Advances in the practice of psychiatry have occurred in "fits and starts" over the last several decades. These advances are evident to anyone long affiliated with the field and are best appreciated through direct experience of living through the times. These advances can also be gleaned from historical overviews in textbooks or the recollections of one's teachers and mentors. Returning to the original papers that have ushered in these changes is rarely done for various, mostly practical, reasons. Filtering through thousands of articles in psychiatry may prove daunting, access to the manuscripts may be limited (especially for papers not available electronically), and understanding their impact requires a broader context. Moreover, with so much active research currently occurring in various branches of psychiatry, current practitioners or trainees may find their attention focused on the present, and this is reinforced by electronic search algorithms, which return articles in reverse chronological order. Not surprisingly, citations for articles in virtually all fields decline precipitously for articles over five years old. As scholars and professionals, we are losing touch with our academic heritage. Yet navigating the future of psychiatry requires a firm understanding of its past. This resource serves as a guide for anyone seeking to understand the evolution of psychiatry as a scientific discipline. It does so by summarizing over 100 landmark papers in psychiatry and placing their scientific contributions within a historical context. An introductory section sets the stage for the major theoretical constructs within the field, with chapters devoted to ontology and nosology. Subsequent sections examine major facets of the theory and practice of psychiatry, such as pathogenesis of psychiatric illness, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and somatic treatments. These sections are divided logically into chapters addressing important contributions to the understanding and treatment of specific disorders. A final section explores ethical considerations within each field. This framework echoes the complexity of psychiatry, which cannot be reduced to a single set of diagnoses or subspecialty categories. Highlighting the research trajectory of psychiatry, this resource will appeal to academics, trainees, and practitioners who desire a comprehensive, easy-to-read, up-to-date collection of psychiatry's pivotal moments. By understanding the challenges, inspirations, and insights from the past, readers will be better poised to address new and ongoing challenges within the field. Table of Contents: I. Foundational Topics 1. Diagnosis and conceptualization of mental illness, Awais Aftab and John G. Csernansky 2. Epidemiology, Elizabeth Ryznar and Harvey Whiteford II. Pathogenesis 3. The neurochemical basis of psychiatric disorders, Elizabeth Ryznar and Herbert Y. Meltzer 4. Genetics, Edwin H. Cook Jr. and Marina Bayeva 5. Inflammatory mechanisms, the immune system and psychiatric illness, Ozan Toy, Emmalee Boyle, and Lynn E. DeLisi 6. Psychological and social factors, Shaun M. Eack III. Pharmacotherapy 7. Schizophrenia, David. V. Braitman and Juan. R. Bustillo 8. Pharmacotherapy of mood disorders, Jair C. Soares, Marsal Sanches, and Rodrigo Machado-Vieira 9. Pharmacotherapy of anxiety and related disorders, Dan J. Stein 10. Child and adolescent psychiatry, Jenni E. Farrow, Francisco Romo-Nava, and Melissa Delbello IV. Psychosocial interventions 11. Psychodynamic therapy, Kevin S. McCarthy and Richard F. Summers 12. Cognitive behavioral therapy, Keith S. Dobson 13. Third wave psychotherapies, Amanda A. Uliaszek, Nadia Al-Dajani, Amanda Ferguson, and Zindel V. Segal 14. Psychosocial rehabilitation, Mariam Ujeyl and Wulf Rossler 15. Social and community psychiatry, Neil Jordan 16. Child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology, Mark R. Dadds, Yixin Jiang, Valsamma Eapen, and Stephen Scott VI. Somatic Treatments 17. Electroconvulsive therapy, Keith G. Rasmussen 18. Non-convulsive brain stimulation, Kevin A. Caulfield and Mark S. George 19. Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression, Paul E. Holtzheimer and Helen Mayberg VII. Special Considerations 20. Psychiatric ethics, Rachel E. Zettl and John Z. Sadler 21. Forensics, Stephen H. Dinwiddie 22. Suicide, Danuta Wasserman, Marcus Sokolowski, and Carli Vladimir 23. Research methodology, Robert D. Gibbons About the Editors: Elizabeth Ryznar, Psychiatry Resident, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Aderonke B. Pederson, Chief Resident in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Mark A. Reinecke, Chief of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA,John G. Csernansky, Gilman Professor and Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA A graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Medical School, Dr. Elizabeth Ryznar is currently a fourth year psychiatry resident at the McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University in Chicago, where she also completed the Medical Education Clinical Scholars Program. She received her M.Sc. in Comparative Social Policy from the University of Oxford and is fluent in Polish and Spanish. Her clinical and research interests include community psychiatry, childhood trauma, psychiatric diagnosis, and medical education. She has published several peer-reviewed articles and has presented at national meetings. Dr. Ryznar has been recognized by the American Psychiatric Association as a Leadership Fellow (2017-2019) and by the American College of Psychiatrists as a Laughlin Fellow (2018) and returning fellow (2019). Dr. Aderonke B. Pederson is a 4th year psychiatry resident at the McGaw Medical center of Northwestern University, serving as chief resident. She graduated from University of Chicago as a double major in biological sciences and international studies. She completed her medical degree at Northwestern's University Feinberg school of medicine and was an American Psychiatric Association diversity leadership fellow in 2017-2018. She is a recipient of federal funding through the APA SAMHSA fellowship (2018-2019), completing research in minority mental health with a focus on mental health stigma among underserved black minority women in an urban setting. She has reviewed books and published peer-reviewed articles. She is also working on a global health certificate program at her institution with a focus in Nigeria (West Africa) and designed a seminar in West Africa on mental health stigma awareness among young adults. Professor Mark A. Reinecke is Chief of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Professor John G. Csernansky currently serves as the Gilman Professor and Chair in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Previously, he served as the Gregory B. Couch Professor of Psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine. His research interests include the neuroimaging of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia, clinical trials of cognition-enhancing drugs, and the development of new animal models for neuropsychiatric disorders. Contributors: ELIZABETH RYZNAR, McGaw Medical Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA JOHN G. CSERNANSKY, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA HARVEY WHITEFORD, Professor of Psychiatry and Population Mental Health, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Affiliate Professor, Global Health, Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA HERBERT Y. MELTZER, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA MARINA BAYEVA, Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA OZAN TOY, Resident in Psychiatry, Boston University Medical Center Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA SHAUN M. EACK, School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA DAVID V. BRAITMAN, Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA MARSAL SANCHES, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA DAN J. STEIN, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town and Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa JENNI E. FARROW, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine , University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA KEVIN S. MCCARTHY, Chestnut Hill College, Philadelphia, PA, USA KEITH DOBSON, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada ZINDEL V. SEGAL, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada MARIAM UJEYL, Psychiatric University Hospital Charite at St. Hedwig Hospital, Berlin, Germany NEIL JORDAN, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA MARK DADDS, Child Behaviour Research Clinic, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia KEITH G. RASMUSSEN, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, USA KEVIN A. CAULFIELD, Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA PAUL E. HOLTZHEIMER, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, USA RACHEL E. ZETTL, Parkland Hospital, Dallas, TX, USA STEPHEN H. DINWIDDIE, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA DANUTA WASSERMAN, National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ROBERT D. GIBBONS, Departments of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, The University of Chicago Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA AWAIS AFTAB, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA EDWIN H. COOK JR., Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA EMMALEE BOYLE, Resident in Psychiatry, Boston University Medical Center Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA JUAN R. BUSTILLO, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA RODRIGO MACHADO-VIEIRA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA FRANCISCO ROMO-NAVA, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA RICHARD F. SUMMERS, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA AMANDA A. ULIASZEK, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada WULF ROSSLER, Charite - Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Germany YIXIN JIANG, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia MARK S. GEORGE, Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA HELEN MAYBERG, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai West, New York, USA JOHN Z. SADLER, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA MARCUS SOKOLOWSKI, Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden LYNN E. DELISI, VA Boston Healthcare System and Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA, USA JAIR C. SOARES, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA MELISSA DELBELLO, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine , University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA NADIA AL-DAJANI, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada VALSAMMA EAPEN, School of Psychiatry and Ingham Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia CARLI VLADIMIR, Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden AMANDA FERGUSON, Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada STEPHEN SCOTT, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK |