Infants and children spend one- to two-thirds of their life asleep. Despite this, very little attention has been paid to understanding both normal sleep and sleep-related abnormalities during child development. This volume is devoted to breathing during sleep, its changes with development (from the fetus onwards), and the pathophysiology of sleep-related breathing disorders. Sleep and Breathing in Children: investigates breathing during sleep from the fetus onwards
examines the effects of sleep on upper airway resistance, ventilatory drive, and respiratory muscle tone
compares differences between childhood and adult obstructive sleep apnea, and the profound changes in breathing and sleep during growth and maturation
discusses the current research within the field of pediatric sleep disorders
reviews the history of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and outlines a future framework for the study of childhood sleep-disordered breathing Table of Contents Introduction, Foreword, Preface, Breathing and Sleep States in the Fetus and at Birth. Laryngeal Function and Neonatal Respiration. Postnatal Development of Carotid Chemoreceptor Function. Maturation and Plasticity of Central Components in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Control. Maturation of Breathing During Sleep. Interaction Between Upper Airway Muscles and Structures During Sleep. Craniofacial Development and the Airway During Sleep. Breathing and Sleep in Preterm Infants. Apnea During Infancy. Apparent Life-Threatening Events: Pathogenesis and Management. Pathophysiology of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Sudden Infant Deaths: Risk Factors, Contributory Factors, and Causal Factors. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Genetic Studies in Cardiorespiratory and Autonomic Regulation. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on the Developing Organism. Influence of Prenatal Nicotine Exposure on Development of Neurotransmission in Central Respiratory Neurons. Central Hypoventilation Syndromes. Genetic Basis for Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome. Epidemiology of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Pathophysiology of Childhood OSAS: Structural Factors. Pathophysiology of Childhood OSAS: Neuromotor Factors. Cognitive and Behavioral Consequences of Childhood OSAS. Inflammatory Association with Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Metabolic Aspects of Sleep Apnea in Children. Cardiovascular Complications of Childhood OSAS. Acoustic Reflectance. Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. About the Editors: CAROLE L. MARCUS is Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Pennsylvania, and Director of the Sleep Center at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Dr. Marcus received her M.B.B.Ch. from the University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, and has written over 60 peer-reviewed articles and over 50 books and chapters. JOHN L. CARROLL is Professor and James H. Hamlen II Endowed Chair in Pediatric Pulmonology, Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock. Dr. Carroll received his M.D. degree from the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, and has written over 50 peer-reviewed articles. DAVID F. DONNELLY is Associate Professor of Research, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Dr. Donnelly received his Ph.D. from Albany Medical College, and has written more than 70 peer-reviewed articles and six chapters and books. GERALD M. LOUGHLIN is the Nancy C. Paduano Professor and Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Joan and Sanford I. Weill College of Medicine, Cornell University, and Pediatrician-in-Chief, Phyllis and David Komansky Center for Children’s Health , New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center. Dr. Loughlin received his M.D. from the University of Rochester Medical School, New York, and has written over 50 peer-reviewed articles and over 20 books and chapters. |
